HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, which is the body’s defense against infections and diseases. When someone is infected with HIV, it weakens their immune system over time, making it harder for their body to fight off illnesses. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the final stage of HIV infection. It occurs when the immune system is severely damaged, and the person becomes more susceptible to life-threatening infections and diseases. HIV is primarily spread through unprotected sex, sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. It’s essential to know that HIV cannot be spread through casual contact like hugging, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. While there is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS, there are medications called antiretroviral therapy (ART) that can help people with HIV live long and healthy lives. Additionally, practicing safe sex, using condoms, and avoiding sharing needles can help prevent the spread of HIV. Regular testing for HIV and knowing your status is also crucial for prevention and early treatment. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication taken by people who are at high risk of contracting HIV to reduce their chances of becoming infected. PrEP is a combination of two antiretroviral drugs that are taken daily. When taken consistently, PrEP can significantly lower the risk of HIV transmission, especially when used in conjunction with other prevention methods like condoms. It’s important to note that PrEP is not a vaccine for HIV and does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). PrEP is recommended for individuals who are HIV-negative but at increased risk of HIV exposure, such as those with a partner living with HIV or those engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors. PrEP is an essential tool in HIV prevention efforts, particularly for young people who may be at higher risk due to factors such as multiple sexual partners or injection drug use. However, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine if PrEP is appropriate and to receive regular monitoring and follow-up care while taking the medication.

HIV is primarily transmitted through specific body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Here’s how HIV can be transmitted, explained for young people: Unprotected Sex: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has HIV, particularly if there are cuts, sores, or other openings in the genital area or mouth. Sharing Needles: Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injecting equipment with someone who has HIV can transmit the virus, as it can be present in the blood and injected directly into the bloodstream. From Mother to Child: HIV can be passed from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, with proper medical care and treatment during pregnancy and childbirth, the risk of transmission can be significantly reduced. It’s important to know that HIV is not spread through casual contact like hugging, kissing, shaking hands, sharing food or drinks, or using the same toilet or swimming pool as someone with HIV. It’s also not spread through insect bites, air, water, or touching objects touched by someone with HIV unless they are contaminated with blood and are not cleaned properly. To prevent HIV transmission, it’s essential to use condoms consistently during sex, avoid sharing needles or other drug-injecting equipment, and get tested regularly for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Additionally, if you’re at increased risk of HIV, talk to a healthcare provider about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a medication that can help prevent HIV infection when taken consistently.